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CVE-2025-52691 CISA KEV — actively exploited Ransomware-linked

SmarterTools SmarterMail Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability

SmarterTools — SmarterMail

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

CVSS scoreCritical

10.0

EPSS — exploitation probabilityHigh

85.5%

Vector breakdown

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Published
Dec 29, 2025
Modified
Feb 26, 2026
Added to KEV
Jan 26, 2026
Federal patch due
Feb 16, 2026

CISA required action

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Weakness classification

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Proof-of-concept & exploitation references

Weaponization

Nuclei template

Available

Metasploit module

Not found

Public repositories whose name or description references CVE-2025-52691, found via a live GitHub search at request time. These are community-sourced signals, not a verified working exploit - cross-check each one before relying on it, and treat higher star counts and recent activity as (weak) corroboration, not proof.

No public GitHub repositories referencing CVE-2025-52691 were found at last check. Absence here is not proof no exploit exists - see the references below for vendor advisories and write-ups.

References

  • csa.gov.sg

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-52691?

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

How severe is CVE-2025-52691?

CVE-2025-52691 has a CVSS base score of 10.0 out of 10 (CVSS 3.1).

Is CVE-2025-52691 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. CVE-2025-52691 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, added Jan 26, 2026, meaning CISA has confirmed evidence of active exploitation. It is also flagged as used in ransomware campaigns.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-52691?

85.5% - meaning FIRST.org's EPSS model estimates a 85.5% probability this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within 30 days (100% percentile among all scored CVEs).

Is there exploit tooling available for CVE-2025-52691?

Yes - a public Nuclei template referencing CVE-2025-52691 exist in public repositories we checked.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-52691?

CVE-2025-52691 is classified under CWE-434 (CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type).

Cross-checked against

  • NVD (NIST)
  • MITRE CVE Record
  • CISA KEV
  • FIRST.org EPSS
  • GitHub Advisory Database
  • GitHub public repository search

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