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CVE-2023-28461 CISA KEV — actively exploited Ransomware-linked

Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

n/a — n/a

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

CVSS scoreCritical

9.8

EPSS — exploitation probabilityHigh

67.6%

Vector breakdown

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Published
Mar 15, 2023
Modified
Oct 21, 2025
Added to KEV
Nov 25, 2024
Federal patch due
Dec 16, 2024

CISA required action

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Weakness classification

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Proof-of-concept & exploitation references

Weaponization

Nuclei template

Not found

Metasploit module

Not found

Public repositories whose name or description references CVE-2023-28461, found via a live GitHub search at request time. These are community-sourced signals, not a verified working exploit - cross-check each one before relying on it, and treat higher star counts and recent activity as (weak) corroboration, not proof.

No public GitHub repositories referencing CVE-2023-28461 were found at last check. Absence here is not proof no exploit exists - see the references below for vendor advisories and write-ups.

References

  • support.arraynetworks.net

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2023-28461?

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

How severe is CVE-2023-28461?

CVE-2023-28461 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 out of 10 (CVSS 3.1).

Is CVE-2023-28461 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. CVE-2023-28461 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, added Nov 25, 2024, meaning CISA has confirmed evidence of active exploitation. It is also flagged as used in ransomware campaigns.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-28461?

67.6% - meaning FIRST.org's EPSS model estimates a 67.6% probability this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within 30 days (99% percentile among all scored CVEs).

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-28461?

CVE-2023-28461 is classified under CWE-306 (CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function).

Cross-checked against

  • NVD (NIST)
  • MITRE CVE Record
  • CISA KEV
  • FIRST.org EPSS
  • GitHub Advisory Database
  • GitHub public repository search

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